A statistical summary of the data comprising of the mean, confidence interval, median, variance, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and count is provided to quickly communicate the observations in the sample data. A negative t-statistic can be treated as their positive counterpart. For t-statistic less than the t-critical at a p value greater than 0.05 (95% confidence interval), the null hypothesis is accepted. Under the null hypothesis, which states that the means are equal, a t-statistic is calculated that follows a t-distribution with the associated degrees of freedom and a p value is obtained representing the probability that the null hypothesis is true. Both methods assume a continuous data that is randomly selected and normally distributed with equal variances. While the one-sample t-test analyzes the mean of one group against the set average (theoretical mean), the two-sample t-test compares means of two different samples for paired or unpaired data. Statistical t-tests are useful in determining and comparing significant differences between group means and evaluating if those differences are a result of chance.
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